The examination of eye movements can be performed by using different techniques, adapted according to the age, the aims of evaluation and the time required. 5 This review outlines a summary of the recent literature, together with giving consideration to the classic studies that are the key to understanding its application, the psychometric properties, and pros and cons of the DEM test. The DEM test ( Figure 1) is a practical paper-based psychometric test designed for the assessment of ocular movement in a reading-like condition. With these indications, clinicians require a practical and basic instrument to assess ocular movement skills during reading in a simple way as an alternative to eye-tracking instruments. The images came from the original test and they were presented in a low resolution only for representative purpose. Keywords: DEM test, eye movement, psychometric test, normative data, readingįigure 1 The three cards of the DEM test: A, B and C. So far, DEM test could be applied clinically in each case when a rapid test of eye movement was required, such as in testing for vision-related visual problems. Normative data in children were available for nine languages and countries. Being aware of this point allows correct clinical application and interpretation of the test. Some reservations have emerged regarding the repeatability of the test because a degree of learning effect emerges over multiple sessions. The validity of the test has been checked and expanded over time and studies have shown that the DEM test measures an aspect of eye movement related to reading, rather than purely parameters associated with eye-movement. Over the years, many studies have enabled the identification of the strengthens and weaknesses of this test apart from outlining the psychometric properties. The DEM test provides clinicians with a simple method of measuring eye movement using a psychometric test. In this review, a summary of the literature relevant to the DEM test has been made, its psychometric properties and its pros and cons have also been considered. University of Milano-Bicocca, Viale dell’innovazione 10, Milano, 20126, ItalyĪbstract: The developmental eye movement (DEM) test is a practical and simple method for assessing and quantifying ocular motor skills in children. 1Materials Science Department & COMiB Research Centre in Optics and Optometry, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy 2Institute of Research and Studies in Optics and Optometry (IRSOO), Vinci, Italy
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